The Essay assignment , the DFD diagrams and everything are little bit stressful but they are easy , but the essay assignment is a bit time consuming and have to study all the case study and shouldn’t miss a part of it .

2.  What was difficult about it and how would you suggest it could be improved?

The difficult in essay part is that it needs references of which am bad in it , I tried hard for references in journals and texts books and the pdf files in the internet to gather information , but  there’s a lot of information that i could not fit in atlast .

3.  Name three (3) things you learnt this term in COIS20025.

-> How to refer for the essays

->Draw DFD (Which is way new for me )

-> Following the Academic blogs ( Which is totally good )

4. What career are you working towards?

Health care Systems Analyst

5.How will you be able to use the knowledge and skills learn in this course in your future career?

This course has totally changed the view towards MIS , Here i learnt a lot about Organizations levels , Data modelling and learnt lot more stuff than i could ever imagine .

In this book author mainly explains about the disadvantages of Outsourcing. In his research, some managers argue that it makes sense to let a firm that specializes in technology takes over and act as an independent contractor. It is not good to manage something that is not our speciality. Some people may not feel comfortable turning over to an external organization technology that may be crucial to corporate strategy. So that better to concentrate on developing new client-server architecture in house.

(2)    B. Shelly, Thomas J.Cashman, J. Rosenblatt, 8th edition, 2009, System analysis and design.

This book explains what the types of outsourcing are, what are the advantages and disadvantages of outsourcing over the in-house development of software? It also describes two types of outsourcing that is IPS and APS. This book explains that in house development is useful when we have to stick with the old hardware resources, if the company don’t want to open the policy to others. According to Shelly outsourcing is useful only when it is cost effective and company has cope with technological changes.

(3)    Dess, Lumpkin, Eisner, Strategic Management, 8th Edition, 2007, the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York.

According to this textbook takes an example of Misiu systems, which explains Outsourcing is not for everyone. When Todd Hodgen, CEO of Misiu Systems learned that he could save 65% of his design cost by outsourcing. In addition to this product developments cycle could be greatly accelerated, because they can do the work from home. Outsourcing leads to higher economies of scale which would lower cost and help us in creating uniform standards of quality all over the world. Single locations may lead to higher tariffs and transportation cost.

(4)    McNurlin, BC, Sprague, PH, Jr. & Bui T 2009, Information systems management in practice, 8th edition, Pearson Education Inc, Upper Saddle River.

McNurlin, introduces about outsourcing IS functions.  In the journal he explains about two leading companies to restructure and then outsource, which gives added value in products and services for the customer and   based on the value, focus on core competences and businesses. Also, the outsourcing’s history is discussed, involving     Transitional Outsourcing, Best-of-Breed Outsourcing, Shared Services,   Business Process Outsourcing,   lE-business Outsourcing and   Utility Computing. In addition, numerous aspects need to be handled well to create a successful working relationship. He introduced organizational structure, governance, day-to-day working and supplier development. The above information could be used to demonstrate why out-sourcing system development is necessary.

(5)    Laudon, KC & Laudon, and JP 2010, Management Information Systems: Managing the digital firm, 11th Global edition, Pearson Education, Inc, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.

Laudon explains about the alternative systems-building methods are introduced, one of which is called outsourcing. Outsourcing includes several types they are external vendors, cloud providers. The advantages of outsourcing are that it allows organization flexibility in IT needs, while the disadvantages include hidden costs, identifying and selecting vendor, and opening up proprietary business processes to third party. The above information could be used to demonstrate why out-sourcing system development is necessary.

(6)    Ying Fan, 2000, Marketing Intelligence and Planning Page 213-219, MCB UP Ltd.

Ying Fan explains about the benefits of Outsourcing. Main reason behind this is Cost reduction. But author describes that in most of the cases there is only short term cost savings. Outsourcing has become an increasingly popular option for    many organisations. But they vary in terms of activities being outsourced, reasons for and benefits from outsourcing, and how the decision was made. This article presents an empirical research on 14 companies. It found out that  in most cases it was the “peripheral” support activity being outsourced with cost reduction as the primary driver, outsourcing decision was being made early in the process without active involvement of the in-house provider, and there were problems in supplier selection and management. The research identified pre-outsourcing decision process and post-outsourcing management as the two key areas that gave cause for concern, and offered recommendations for improvement.

• Process name
• Process number
• Purpose
• Input Data Flows
• Output Data Flows
• Process description
• Notes

Ans :::

• Process name : Receive Order.
• Process number : 1.
• Purpose : The Order will be received by waiter
• Input Data Flows : Customer places the Order.
• Output Data Flows : List will be stored in the data store.
• Process description : Order placed by the customer is stored in the data store.

• Process name : Get  Order.
• Process number : 2
• Purpose : Receives the order from  customer.
• Input Data Flows : Gives  order.
• Output Data Flows : Get the Order from kitchen.
• Process description : waiter places the customer order in kitchen.

• Process name : Update Order.
• Process number : 3.
• Purpose : waiter will carry  order from kitchen.
• Input Data Flows : Customers order has been completed.
• Output Data Flows : The waiter gets  customers order.
• Process description : After completion of the customers order waiter will carry the food.

• Process name: List of Items.
• Process number : 4.
• Purpose : Waiter will carry the list of order details to cashier for billing.
• Input Data Flows: Waiter will intimate to cashier what  order he is serving.
• Output Data Flows : Cashier will prepare the bill.
• Process description : Cashier will enter the details in to his system and prepares the bill.

Notes: By giving the list of order details to the cahsier he can know what really the customer is serving to the customer, then it will be easy for the cashier to prepare the bill.

• Process name: Bill Processed.
• Process number : 5.
• Purpose : For issuing bill.
• Input Data Flows : Cashier will issue  bill.
• Output Data Flows : Waiter will carry  bill from the cashier.
• Process description : Waiter will carry  bill from the cashier to give it to customer.

• Process name: Issues the Order.
• Process number : 6.
• Purpose : Waiter will issue/serves the order to the customer.
• Input Data Flows : Waiter will carry the ordered food to customer.
• Output Data Flows : Customer receives the Order.
• Process description : Waiter will carry the completed order and the bill to customer and after completion of the order by the customer he will issue the bill.

• Process name: Bill Payment.
• Process number : 7.
• Purpose : For Bill Payment.
• Input Data Flows : After receivng the bill he will pay the  bill amount.
• Output Data Flows : Cashier will receive the bill amount.
• Process description : Customer will pay the bill to the cashier after having his food.

• Process name: Receipt.
• Process number : 8.
• Purpose : To issue the receipt.
• Input Data Flows : Cashier gives the receipt to the customer after the bill payment.
• Output Data Flows: Customer will receive the receipt from the cashier.
• Process description : Customer should receive the receipt for the amount he had payed to the customer so after the bill payment cashier has to give the receipt to the customer.

Ans ::

2) What is involved when developing systems in-house?

3) What textbooks, journals and/or websites might be useful to search for articles about discussing the topic?

Ans : There are many techniques when when out sourcing a system and in house system .

Document Overview :

It helps to understand how the current system is supposed to be,  And we should maintain copies of actual forms which are in now use because sometimes documentation may be discontinued, Removed are out of date.

This technique should be helpful for outsourcing system development, because while we are outsourcing we should mantain document review then we can know what is sent and what should be sent.we should obtain copies of actual forms and operating documents.

Similarly this technique can also be used in In-house developing system.By maintaining the document review we should have clear idea of the devloped software .

Observation :

By monitoring the system in action we can get  extra information and  better understanding of our current system.personal observation allows you to verify whether the procedures really processing  as they are described. There will be so many advantages if we observe our system personally, and by taking the recommendations from observers we can get the knowledge neede to test and the necessary changes in future installation.

This technique should be helpful for outsourcing system development, because while we are outsourcing we have to monitor whether the goods sent are delivered on-time or not, and is there any damage of goods happen if so then they can be careful for next time.

Similarly this technique can also be used in in-house developing system because they have to monitor all things so that they can be develop their system effectively.

Questionaries and Surveys  :

Questionaries can be used to get information about a broad  range of topics, workloads,reports received, volumes of  transactions handled, job duties, difficulties and opinions of how the job could be performed better or more efficiently. A Questionnarie is also called a survey.

This technique should be helpful for outsourcing system development, because people who are  giving the outsourcing they have to collect all the information regarding their business so to collect the data they have to do survey by asking various questions.A survey is a document containing a number of standard questions that can be sent to many individuals.

Sampling :

when studying an information system we should collect examples of actual documents. That sample includes records, reports, operational logs, complaint summaries, work requests, and various types of forms.

This technique should be helpful for outsourcing  system development, for example a sample must be large enough to provide a fair representation of the over all data, if a company performs special processing on the last business day of the month, that day is not a good time to sample typical daily operations.

Where as in in-house developing system there is no need of this technique, because this is ment for individual purpose but sampling is taken from group of people.

Where as in in-house system development there is no need of questionnaries and surveys, because the purpose of the house system is only for individual purpose .

Research :

It is one of the important fact-fiding technique.Research is taken from Internet, IT magzines, books, technical material and from news.We can get the additional information by attending the professional meetings, seminars, and by discusing with professional people.

This technique should be helpful for outsourcing  system development, for example we can find the information about the organization to which we are dealing with. If we have a clear idea about the organization then there may not be problem in dealing. so that we can find the real facts about the system.

It is also helpful for in-house system development.By researching we can know what the needs of the system.

What textbooks, journals and/or websites might be useful to search for articles about discussing the topic?

System Analysis and Design , the prescribed text book for the course , and the lecture slides

1A:The Basic information is the guests booking the resort and giving them confirmation of booking ,calculation of all the fees ,processing of payments and receipts ,system should also provide listing selected details of past , future bookings for a period of time .

2A .Information needes :

When at the time of booking Date and time of booking

Name ,Address,Telephone number

Credit card number ( if the customer has one)

Arrival and departure dates

Which cottage alloted to the guests

At the Time of depature :

Date and time of check out